Colloid product



May 15, 1928. l ,670,162

s. A.- NEIDICH COLLOID PRODUCT Filed March 1926 FIGI FIGII W/////////////////////////////, 5\ FIGI/ IIVVZWTOR:

JAM/EL AMI/man,

srATEs PATENTOFlCE.

SAMUEL A. NEIDICE, OF EDGEWATEB. PARK, NEW JERSEY.

COLLOID PRODUCT.

Application filed March 3, 1926. serial No. 91,961.

My invention is applicable in the manufacture of filaments by projecting viscose (cellulose sulphocarhonate) through orifices into baths containing chemicals which coagulate the Viscose as a semi-solid impure cellulose hydrate of suflicient strength to be manipulatedin the subsequent Operations of dyeing, drying and 'weaving or braiding the same. Ordinarily, filaments projected through circular orifices and thus treated are solid cylinders of substantially unform u diameter and smooth exterior when dried.

Howeveig the purpose and efi'ect of this invention is to produce a solid substantially uniform cyl'indrical filament surrounded by a tubular sheath which is crinkled so that its exterior surface presents numerous facets for reflection of light so as to have a .seint-illating efi'ect, which is particularly desirable in the formations of braids, cords, etc., used in the millinery trade.

As hereinafter described; ny invention includes the extrusion of primarily solid filaments of viscose, through suitable spinnerets, into a coagulating or precipitating medium, of such 'character as to immediately coagulate the exterior portion thereof, to such depth as to form what may be terme/d a skin,

`with the effect that, as the coagulation and reversion of the viscose within such skin proceeds, such stresses are 'created that, ultimately, the core comprising the entire substantially cylindrical body of the fila-ment,

within such skin, at some stage in its de My invention includes the various novel features of- Construction and :rrangement lereinafter more dcfinitclv specified. I 'nare found that the efl'ect aforesaid is producible by certain rclations of the factors of strength of the precipitating bath, the speed of traverse of the filament throughthe bath and time of exposure of the fihment to the action of thebath.

Ordinarily, aqueous solutions containing eight percent of sulphuric acid or five percent of hydrochloric aoid are considered strong coagulating baths and are commonly used for production of what are termed artificial silk filaments. However, it may be observed in the example of my invention hereinafter set 'forth that the acid strength 'of the bath is more than double such ordinary baths. r

With baths. of that character, substantially all of the sulphur primarily chemically combined with the cellulose in viscose is released as free sulphur and is occluded in the mass of cellulose hydrate, forms adull yellow white surface upon the filament and renders the latter weak and brittle. It is praca tically impossible to more than partially remove sulphur and its derivatives from such cellulose hydrate by' any ordinary process of my invetion, I form a viscose precipitating' bath of water containing sixteen and one half percent of H SO in association with one half of onepercent of PO ions, meas-` ured as' POr., and cause the filaments to traverse such bath submerged in a path therethrough three and one half feet long and at the rate of on'e hundred twenty feet per minute; so 'that the time of subjection of each portion of the filament to suclgbath is one and three quarter seconds. w

Although the peculiar efiect aforesaid may be observeel with a filament .of three hundred denier, it is markedly characteristic of filame nts between' six hundred and one thousand denier and I prefer to utilize the same in filaments of nine hundred denier.

In said drawings: Fig. I is a perspective View of a piece of .a finished product embodying my invention.

N Fig. II is a, fragmentary longitudinal secinclusive but in the final desiccated state and showing the core filanent in elevation and the skin sheath thereoE in section.

Reterring to Fig. I; the complete product of my invention is an artificial thread, which may he woven, hraided knitted or otherwise 'embodied in any suitable tetture 2 and which includes 'the suhstantially smoothly cylindrical solid core filament 1` With the outer continuous impertorate tubular sheath 2 encasing said core in substantially coaxial spaced relation therewith but 2 having a shi'iveled erinkled enterior aiifording multitudinous facets ?i adapt ed to refiect light with a scintillating et'fect.

Figs II to 'V inclusive indicate *steps in 'the production ot' such an artificial teritile thread as indicated in Fig. l; by the exem-s plification of my invention above described.

F ig II" shows 'the solid homogeneous filai as extruded suhstantially us structure indicates the ect upon ment` t of viscose, which, throu h*a circular orifice, is 3 cylin rical and ,of homog throughout its mass., e practicallyr instantaneous el filament oi' Figl incident 'to its suhmersion: in the bath above contemp tedi; which go eliect is the coagulation ot the eterior of the filament 4 to such depth as to term what may be termed a skin 5. %is the coagulation and reversion of the viscose within such skin a proceeds, such stresses are created that, ultimately, the Cere comprising the entire substantially cylindrical body of the filament 4-,

' within such skin 5, at some stage in' its dehydration shrinks in diameter to such an extent as to pullioose from the skin, as indi-" cated in Fig. IV, leaving said skin 5 as a tubular sheath covering such cylindrical core throughout the length of the latter. During the continued dessication of the structure as a whole, said sheath shrivels so that its exterior surface becomes crinkled as indicated at 2 in Figs. I and .V and a'fords inhumerable facets 3 for refiectionof light, so as to have the desired scintillating eiii-ect. At such final stage of its production, both Go the interior core l and exterior sheath 2 have, of course, sh-unken to much smaller diameter than the viscose filament from which they are formed. n fact an extruded Viscose filament may shrinh to one half 55 its original diameter lncidentally, the

shriveling of thegouter sheath during the final dessication of the product, hrings it into contact with the core filament at intervals throughout its length and at some such regions of contact, the core and sheatl' adhere although retaining their distinc tiveness incident to ,their primar-y separation throughout their length It is most economical to produce such threads in the least possible time of use of the apparatus employed and, therefore, it is desirable to run the extruded filament 4 through the bath at 'high speed as in the eX- ample above set forth. However," the desired eiiect may be :ittained in a somcwhat Weaker bath by longer subjection of'the fila ;nent thei-eto; provided that the coagulating action thereof strong enough to produce the skin effect described.

Morever, although I prefer to include PO` ions in the bath to. avoid the necessity for using'other desulphurizing methods and means to cleanse the product; of course, threads otthe double character above contemplated may be produced in bathe which do not contain PO; ions, and suchthrcads he subsequently desulphurized by an of the ordinary methods and means, well mown in the art.

Furthermore, although prete: to form such threadstrom the thiocarhonate of cellulose, known as viscose, as above described; containing abeut twelve per cent or cellulose, in hydrated form; there are least tour other methods of producing artificial colloid filaments in which my inventien may he einployed to wit, fire-hin the manufacture ot filaments from nitro-cellulose hy what is known as the Chardonnet inethods i and means; second, in what is known as the cuprammonium processpwherehy filaments are formed ron a solution of cellulose in an ammoniacal Copper oxide; third, in the tormation of filainents from a solution of cellulose in zine chloride; and fourth, in the ;tornation of filaments from acetic anhydride, Each of said processes and the methods andmeansfor effecting the same are well known to those skilled in the art and,.therefore, my invention may be applied "thereto, in each case, by using such increased strength of the coagulating or precipitating medium that the ordinary purpose and elfect of gradually coagulating the extruded filament throughout its mass so as to leave the latter of uniformand unitary composition, which is characteristic of the ordinary processes, are defeated by the instantaneous production of a. substantially hard and tough skin uponthe extruded filanient capable of resisting the shrinkage of the gelartinous mass which it incloses; so that the subsequent desiccation of the letter causes it to separate from such skin. However, as above noted, in the finished product CAD to the precise details of Construction, ar-

rangement or procedure herein set forth, as it isobvious that various modifications may he made therein Without departing fromthe essential features of my invention as defined in the appended clains.

I claim: V

1. An artificial textile thread includinga substantially smoothly I cylindrical solid core filament and an outer continuous impertorate tubular sheath, encasing said core, in substantially coaxial, spaced, relation therewith, but having a shriveled crinkled exterior afi'ording multitudinous facets adapted to refiect light with a scintillating efi'ect;

both said {core and sheth being dry; said core being alternately adherent to, and in radially spaced relation with, said sheath at intervals throughout their length.

2. An artificial textile 'thread including a solid core filament and an outencontinuous imperforate tubular sheath, encasing said. core, in spaced relation therewith, and hav-' ing a' shrivelcd cr inkled exterior aflording multitudinous facets adapted to reflect light with a scintillating efl ect; both said core and sheath being dry; said core being alternately adherent to, and in radially spaced relation with, said sheath at intervals throughout their length.

3. An artificial textile thread including a solid corefilament and an outer continuous imperforate tubular sheath, encasing said core, and having a shriveled crinkled exterior afl'ording multitudinous facets adapted to reflect light with a scintillating efiect; both said core and sheath being dry; said core being alternately adherent to, and in radially spaced relation with, said sheath at intervals throughout their length.

4. A colloi'd productincluding a substantially smoothly oylindrical solid core filament and an outer continuous iniperforate tubular sheath, encasing said core in substantially coaxial spaced, relation therewith, but having a shriveled crinkled exterior affording multitudinous facets adapted to reflect light with a scintillating efiect; both said core and sheath being dry; said core being alternately adherent to, and in radially spaced relation with, said sheath at intervals throughout their length.- i

&A colloid product including a solid core filament and an outer continuous iinperforate tubular sheath, encasing said core, in spaced relation therewith, and having a shrveled crinkled exte'rior affording multitudinous facets adapted to reflect light with a scintillating etfect; both said core and sheath being dry; said core being alternately adherent to, and in radially spaced relation with, said sheath at intervzls throughout their length.

6. A colloid product including a solid core fllament and an outer continuous mperforate tubular sheath, encasing said core, and

having a shriveled crinkled exterior aliording multitudinous facets adapted to reflect light with a scintillating effect; both said core and sheath being dry; said core being alternately adherent' to, and in radially spaced relation with, said sheath at inter- Vals throughout their length.

7. A viscose product' including a' substantially smoothly cylindrical solid core filament and an outer continuous inperforate tubular sheath, encasing said core in substantially coaxial, spaced, relation therewith, but having a shriveled crinkled exteror afi'ording multitudinous facets adapted to reflect light with a scintillating etfect; both said core and sheath being dry; said core being alternately adherent to, and in radially spaced relation with, said sheath at intervals .throughout their length.

8. A viscose product including a solid core filament and an outer continuous imper forate tubular sheath, encasing said core, in spaccd relation therewith, and having a shriveled crinkled exterior afi'ording multitudinous facets adapted to refiect light with a scintillating eii'ect;.both said core and sheath being dry; said core being alternately adhe-rentto, and in radially spaced relation With, said sheath at inter-Vals throughout their length.

9. A viscose product including a solid core `filamentand an outer continuous imperforate tubular sheath, encasng said core, and.

having a shriveled crinkled exterior. afi'ording multitudinous facets adapted to reflect light with a scintillating efi'ect; both said core and sheath being dry; said core being alternately adherent to, and in radially space'd relation with, said sheath at inter- Vals throughout their length.

10. An extruded colloid product including a solid core filament and an outer continuous imperforate tubular sheath. encasing said core, and having a shriveled crinkled exterior affording multitudinous facets adapted to reflect light with a scintilating effect; both said core and sheath being dry; said core being alternately adherent to, and in radially space'd relation with, said sheath at intervals throughout their length.

11. An extruded viscose product including i a solid core filament and an outer continuous mperforate tubular sheath, encasng said core, and having a shrveled crnkled exterior atfording multitu'dinous facets adapted to reflect light With a scintillating eflect;

both said core and sheath being dry; said core being alternately adherent to, and in radiully spaced relation With, said sheath 'at intervals throughout their length.

12. An extruded viscose product including a solid core filament and an outer' continuous imperforate tubular sheath, enrasing said core, and having a shrivelcd crinkled exterior ao'ding multitudinous fzicets adapted to reflect light With :i scintillating effect;

said core being in contact With said sheath 10 at ntervals throughout its length; said core being alternately adherent to, and in radially spaced relatior' with, said sheath at intervals throughout their length.

In testimony Whereof, I have hereunto signed my name at Burlington, New Jersey, this tWenty-seventh day of January, 1926.

. SAMUEL A. NEIDICH. 

